SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING HYDROGEN WITH INTEGRATED CAPTURE OF CARBON DIOXIDE

Smart overview of the Invention

The invention presents an advanced method for producing hydrogen by reforming plastic waste using an electromagnetic plasma torch. This process involves injecting steam or carbon dioxide into the system to efficiently convert plastic waste into synthesis gases, primarily carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The carbon monoxide is further processed into hydrogen through a water gas shift reaction, and the hydrogen is purified using pressure swing adsorption (PSA). This approach addresses environmental concerns by transforming harmful plastic waste into hydrogen, a cleaner energy source.

Background

Hydrogen is a clean energy alternative that produces only water upon combustion, unlike hydrocarbons that emit carbon dioxide. Current methods for hydrogen production include steam methane reforming (SMR) and gasification of hydrocarbons. These processes typically use catalysts and require significant heat input, often resulting in carbon dioxide emissions. However, capturing this carbon dioxide can lead to "blue" hydrogen, which is more environmentally friendly.

Innovative Approach

The disclosed method enhances hydrogen production efficiency by integrating oxy-fuel combustion, which generates heat while producing mainly carbon dioxide and steam. This process allows for the condensation of steam at pressure, leaving behind pressurized carbon dioxide without needing a separate removal system. The system's design focuses on maximizing efficiency and reducing material costs through carefully selected components and processes.

System Components

The hydrogen production system includes a combustor that generates hot combustion gases rich in carbon dioxide, which are used to heat a CO2 convective reformer (CCR) for converting hydrocarbons and steam into syngas. The syngas is further processed in an oxygen secondary reformer (OSR) to increase hydrogen yield. The final product undergoes purification in PSA units to isolate hydrogen from other gases, with any carbonaceous residues being recycled as fuel.

Process Details

The process involves reacting hydrocarbons with steam in the CCR, followed by further conversion in the OSR to maximize syngas production. A portion of the hydrocarbon and steam stream can bypass the CCR to directly enter the OSR, optimizing the reforming process. This flexible approach allows for efficient hydrogen separation from syngas, with options for further purification of carbon dioxide for sequestration or reuse within the system.